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Surface phase transitions induced by electron mediated adatom-adatom interaction.

Junren Shi1, Biao Wu, X C Xie

  • 1Condensed Matter Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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The indirect interaction between adatoms on metallic surfaces drives structural phase transitions. This electron-mediated force explains the observed sqrt[3]xsqrt[3]<==>3x3 transformations in Sn/Ge and Pb/Ge systems.

Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The behavior of adatoms on metallic surfaces is crucial for understanding material properties.
  • Observed structural phase transitions, such as sqrt[3]xsqrt[3]<==>3x3, in systems like Sn/Ge (111) and Pb/Ge (111) require theoretical explanation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a theoretical model explaining the sqrt[3]xsqrt[3]<==>3x3 structural phase transitions in adlayers on metallic surfaces.
  • To identify the primary mechanism responsible for these phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of adatom-adatom interactions.
  • Analysis of the interplay between indirect electronic interactions and substrate stress fields.
  • Investigation of phonon instabilities leading to structural changes.

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Main Results:

  • The indirect adatom-adatom interaction, mediated by conduction electrons, is identified as the driving force for the transitions.
  • This interaction, when dominant over substrate registry forces, induces phonon instabilities.
  • The proposed theory successfully explains the observed sqrt[3]xsqrt[3]<==>3x3 transitions in Sn/Ge (111) and Pb/Ge (111).

Conclusions:

  • The electron-mediated indirect interaction is the key to understanding these specific surface structural transitions.
  • The theoretical framework is applicable to a broader range of metallic surface systems exhibiting similar phase transitions.