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Forebrain gene expression domains and the evolving prosomeric model.

Luis Puelles1, John L R Rubenstein

  • 1Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain. puelles@um.es

Trends in Neurosciences
|September 2, 2003
PubMed
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The prosomeric model of forebrain segmentation faces challenges, particularly regarding the hypothalamus. A simplified model proposes the secondary prosencephalon acts as a single unit, not divided into prosomeres.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Comparative Neuroanatomy
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The prosomeric model divides the vertebrate forebrain into transverse segments (prosomeres) and longitudinal zones.
  • While the model's axis and zones are accepted, debate continues regarding the number and segmental nature of prosomeres.
  • Previous research highlights difficulties in reconciling prosomeric boundaries in the hypothalamus with intra-telencephalic limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address controversies surrounding the prosomeric model of forebrain segmentation.
  • To investigate the continuity of prosomeric limits between the hypothalamus and telencephalon.
  • To propose a simplified model for forebrain organization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns and morphological data in vertebrate forebrains.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative anatomical studies to establish prosomeric boundary continuity.
  • Theoretical modeling of forebrain organization based on developmental data.

    • Main Results:

    • Difficulties were encountered in establishing continuity between prosomeric limits in the hypothalamus and intra-telencephalic regions.
    • These discontinuities challenge the intersegmental nature of prosomeric boundaries in this area.
    • A simplified model is proposed where the secondary prosencephalon (telencephalon and hypothalamus) functions as a single protosegment.

    Conclusions:

    • The traditional prosomeric model may require revision, particularly concerning the hypothalamus.
    • The secondary prosencephalon may represent a complex protosegment rather than being subdivided into distinct prosomeres.
    • Prosomeres p1-p3 are considered the caudal forebrain, encompassing the pretectum, thalamus, and prethalamus.