[Development of mucosal influenza inactivated vaccines]

In this review recent data on the development of mucosal influenza inactivated vaccines with the use of mucosoadhesive adjuvants are presented. After the intranasal administration of such vaccines the formation of not only systemic, but also local immunity (IgA antibodies), as well as cross protection against the variants of influenza virus within its serotype, can be observed. Some mucosal influenza vaccines have passed clinical tests. Certain drawbacks of Escherichia thermolabile enterotoxin, used as mucosoadhesive adjuvant, and difficulties which may arise in mass immunization with mucosal vaccines due to the necessity of introducing them in two or three intranasal administrations are indicated.