[The prevention of blindness--past, present and future]

Prevention of blindness is the most important aim of ophthalmology. Prevention of blindness is related to many factors. It is related to many factors, such as science and technology, economy and social behavior. There are worldwide activities by WHO, NGOs and other functions to promote the prevention of blindness in the world. More than 90% of blind population lives in developing world. Cataract is the top causes of blindness which is curable. Onchocerciasis is an endemic disease in west Africa and central America. Onchocerca Control Project (OCP) was formed in 1974 under WHO for the control of onchocerciasis by the funds of developed countries. The control of vector (simulium) as well as new drug are giving the the project the prospect of success in eradicating the disease, thus preventing the blindness by diseases. The situation on blindness by trachoma, childhood blindness, glaucoma, diabetes will be discussed. The progress of molecular genetics of eye disease may open the gate for prevention of blindness by these disease in future.