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Azole antifungal agents.

G P Bodey1

  • 1Department of Medical Specialities, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 1, 1992
PubMed
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Azole compounds offer significant antifungal therapeutic advances. Newer agents like fluconazole and itraconazole show improved efficacy and safety profiles for various fungal infections compared to older drugs.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Azole compounds represent a key advancement in antifungal therapy.
  • Several azoles, including miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole, are clinically significant.
  • Miconazole's use has declined due to limited efficacy and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic applications and characteristics of available azole antifungal agents.
  • To compare the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic profiles of key azole drugs.
  • To highlight the evolving landscape of azole antifungal drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical data and pharmacological studies on azole antifungals.
  • Comparative analysis of efficacy against various fungal pathogens.

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  • Evaluation of safety profiles, including toxicity and drug-drug interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Ketoconazole is effective for superficial and invasive fungal infections but has absorption and interaction issues.
    • Fluconazole, available in oral and IV forms, is minimally metabolized and suitable for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
    • Itraconazole demonstrates activity against aspergillosis and other pathogenic fungi.

    Conclusions:

    • Fluconazole and itraconazole offer distinct advantages over older azoles like miconazole and ketoconazole.
    • The development of azole antifungals continues, with new compounds in investigation.
    • Azole antifungals remain crucial in managing a spectrum of fungal infections.