A review of toxic shock syndrome: the need for education still exists

Toxic shock syndrome is a multisystem disease that is believed to be caused by a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. The syndrome can occur in persons of any gender, age or race and should be considered as a possible diagnosis in any patient displaying symptoms compatible with the illness. Most reported cases of toxic shock syndrome have occurred in young menstruating women and have been associated with the use of tampons. Toxic shock syndrome cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control have decreased substantially since May of 1980. The decreases in diagnosis and reporting may be attributed to diminished public and professional attention to the syndrome. In addition, it is likely that cases of the syndrome that do not meet the strict Centers for Disease Control case definition are not being diagnosed. Until more is understood about toxic shock syndrome, particularly its relationship to menstruation and tampon use, patient education remains a primary key to prevention. Women should be aware of the symptoms of toxic shock syndrome and, if symptoms occur, seek medical attention immediately.