Candida and candidosis. Epidemiology, diagnosis and therapeutic management

Infections caused by Candida species comprise one of the most common oral disease conditions encountered in the practice of dentistry. Gradual changes in population demographics have been accompanied by an increased incidence in candidal and related opportunistic infection rates. Candida albicans and other candidal species traditionally have been recognized as opportunistic pathogens. Recent advances in both the scientific basis for and the clinical significance of candidal organisms, however, have demonstrated these fungi to be distributed widely and to be important contributors to a broad range of mucosal and systemic disease conditions. These factors have allowed for a better understanding of fungal pathogenesis as it affects human oral disease through improvements in clinical and laboratory diagnosis and the therapeutic management of candidosis.