Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 2, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Mature Myofibers for Live Imaging
Published on: January 7, 2017
Abstract:
Myxomycete plasmodia of four different types (not including Physarum polycephalum) were studied in thin sections viewed in the electron microscope. In the cytoplasm of the protoplasmodia of Clastoderma debaryanum and the phaneroplasmodia of Fuligo septica fixed in situ, fibrillar differentiations of three rather distinct kinds were observed. One of these is filamentous and closely resembles the filaments (or "microtubules") of the mitotic apparatus of other species. The larger phaneroplasmodia of two species belonging to the Physarales and the plasmodium of Hemitrichia vesparium showed fewer and less well defined fibrils, and no fibrils were seen in the aphanoplasmodium of Stemonitis fusca. Good stabilization of such fibrils in larger plasmodia may require fixation methods more rigidly controlled than those which succeed with microscopic protoplasmodia. The function of the observed fibrils cannot yet be determined. Their presence in cytoplasm fixed in situ, however, lends support to those theories of protoplasmic movement which are dependent on integral cross-bonding of one or a few molecular species.
Insights
Electron microscopy revealed distinct fibrillar structures within myxomycete plasmodia. These findings support theories on protoplasmic movement involving molecular cross-bonding.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Mycology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Myxomycete plasmodia exhibit complex cellular organization.
- Understanding the ultrastructure of these organisms is key to elucidating protoplasmic movement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the presence and nature of fibrillar differentiations in various myxomycete plasmodia using electron microscopy.
- To explore the potential implications of these fibrils for theories of protoplasmic movement.
Main Methods:
- Thin section electron microscopy was employed to examine plasmodia from four different myxomycete types.
- In situ fixation techniques were utilized for protoplasmodia and phaneroplasmodia.
Main Results:
- Three distinct types of fibrillar differentiations were observed in Clastoderma debaryanum and Fuligo septica.
- These fibrils resemble microtubules found in other species' mitotic apparatus.
- Fewer and less defined fibrils were noted in larger plasmodia, with none observed in Stemonitis fusca.
Conclusions:
- The presence of in situ fixed fibrils supports theories of protoplasmic movement reliant on molecular cross-bonding.
- Further research may require advanced fixation methods for improved fibril stabilization in larger plasmodia.
Related Concept Videos
Diversity of Protists IV
Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes
Bacterial Phylum Planctomycetes
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
Diversity of Protists II

