Cochlear pathology following chronic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. I: Normal hearing kittens

The present study examines the histopathological effects of long-term intracochlear electrical stimulation in young normal hearing animals. Eight-week old kittens were implanted with scala tympani electrode arrays and stimulated for periods of up to 1500 h using charge balanced biphasic current pulses at charge densities in the range 21-52 microC cm-2 geom. per phase. Both click and electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses were periodically recorded to monitor the status of the hair cell and spiral ganglion cell populations. In addition, the impedance of the stimulating electrodes was measured daily to monitor their electrical characteristics during chronic implantation. Histopathological examination of the cochleas showed no evidence of stimulus induced damage to cochlear structures when compared with implanted, unstimulated control cochleas. Indeed, there was no statistically significant difference in the ganglion cell density adjacent to the stimulating electrodes when compared with a similar population in implanted control cochleas. In addition, hair cell loss, which was restricted to regions adjacent to the electrode array, was not influenced by the degree of electrical stimulation. These histopathological findings were consistent with the evoked potential recordings. Finally, electrode impedance data correlated well with the degree of tissue growth observed within the scala tympani. The present findings indicate that the young mammalian cochlea is no more susceptible to cochlear pathology following chronic implantation and electrical stimulation than is the adult.