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Related Experiment Videos

Sentence encoding and implicitly activated memories.

D L Nelson1, N R Gee, T A Schreiber

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620.

Memory & Cognition
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Set-size effects in recall are influenced by word associations. This study shows these effects persist even with related words present in sentence contexts, unlike in simple list learning.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Word recall is influenced by the number of direct associates a word has.
  • The set-size effect, where words with fewer associates are recalled better, is observed in cued recall tasks.
  • This effect is typically absent when words are studied with related words present, as context inhibits irrelevant associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether set-size effects in word recall occur when words are encoded within sentence contexts.
  • To determine if the presence of lexically related words in sentences affects the set-size effect.
  • To explore how factors like word proximity and test cue characteristics influence set-size effects in sentence-based recall.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using cued recall tasks.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants studied words encoded in sentence contexts, with varying degrees of lexical relatedness and proximity.
  • Recall performance was analyzed in relation to word set size, contextual factors, and test cue properties.

    • Main Results:

    • Set-size effects were observed when words were encoded in sentence contexts, even when lexically related words were present.
    • The proximity of related words within the sentence and the nature of the test cue significantly modulated the set-size effect.
    • Findings contrast with traditional list-learning paradigms where related words eliminate the set-size effect.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of contextual information in sentences, rather than solely list structure, is crucial for observing set-size effects.
    • Sentence-based encoding may create different memory representations that are less susceptible to the inhibitory effects of related words.
    • The study contributes to understanding memory models and selective attention within sentence comprehension.