Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.

Tonsillitis II: Management

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Investigating the Use of the Fast Health Care Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Standard to Support Data Activities Across the PCORnet® Infrastructure: Lessons Learned From the FHIR Pilots of the Coordinating Center for PCORnet®.

Medical care·2026

Same author

Audit-and-Feedback Utilizing Resident Consensus Standards Reduced Daily Labs.

Journal of graduate medical education·2025

Same author

Community Collaboration in Public Health Genetic Literacy: Methods for Co-Designing Educational Resources for Equitable Genomics Research and Practice.

Public health genomics·2025

Same author

Examining associations between social vulnerability and maternal morbidity among a multicentre cohort of pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum disorder in New York City.

BMJ public health·2025

Same author

Policy and perceptions of pregnancy during training among residents of various subspecialties.

Postgraduate medical journal·2024

Same author

Routine Transvaginal Ultrasound at the Time of the Anatomy Scan: To Do or Not To Do?

American journal of perinatology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Does this child have acute otitis media?

Russell Rothman¹, Thomas Owens, David L Simel

¹Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn 37232, USA. russell.rothman@vanderbilt.edu

|September 25, 2003

Summary

Accurate diagnosis of acute otitis media (AOM) in children relies on specific physical exam findings. A cloudy, bulging, or immobile eardrum on pneumatic otoscopy are key indicators for AOM.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Medicine
Otolaryngology
Diagnostic Accuracy Studies

Background:

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a frequent pediatric illness.
Accurate AOM diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and follow-up.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review literature on the diagnostic accuracy of patient history and physical examination for AOM in children.
To determine the precision and accuracy of various symptoms and signs in diagnosing AOM.

Main Methods:

Searched MEDLINE and bibliographies for English-language studies (1966-2002) on AOM diagnostic accuracy.
Included studies with original data on history or physical exam for AOM in children.
Calculated likelihood ratios (LRs) for symptoms and signs, adjusting for bias where necessary.

More Related Videos

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

Published on: May 23, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

Published on: May 23, 2021

Main Results:

Ear pain is the most useful symptom (positive LR, 3.0-7.3).
Cloudy (adjusted LR, 34), bulging (adjusted LR, 51), or immobile (adjusted LR, 31) tympanic membranes are highly indicative of AOM.
Distinctly red tympanic membranes are helpful (adjusted LR, 8.4), while normal color suggests absence of AOM (adjusted LR, 0.2).

Conclusions:

Despite study limitations, specific physical findings are most valuable for AOM diagnosis.
Cloudy, bulging, or immobile tympanic membranes are the strongest indicators.
Erythema of the tympanic membrane is also a useful sign, with normal color making AOM less likely.