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Generating the cerebral cortical area map.

Elizabeth A Grove1, Tomomi Fukuchi-Shimogori

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, 947 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. egrove@drugs.bsd.uchicago.edu

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|October 7, 2003
PubMed
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Early embryonic patterning of the cortical primordium involves signaling centers and transcription factors. The thalamus and cortex interact to establish the final cortical area map.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The early patterning of the cortical primordium is crucial for establishing the brain's functional architecture.
  • Understanding how the cortical area map develops is key to comprehending brain evolution and potential disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on how signaling molecules and transcription factors pattern the cortical primordium.
  • To explore the independent and interactive roles of the thalamus and cortex in establishing the final cortical area map.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on embryonic signaling centers and gene regulatory cascades.
  • Analysis of data concerning the interaction between the developing thalamus and cortex.

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Main Results:

  • Signaling molecules from cortical centers provide positional information, regulating growth and differentiation.
  • Candidate transcription factors are proposed to mediate gene regulatory cascades in cortical patterning.
  • The thalamus and cortex appear to be patterned independently before interacting.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical patterning is initiated by secreted signaling molecules establishing positional cues.
  • Transcription factors likely play a role in a gene regulatory cascade for patterned differentiation.
  • The interaction between the thalamus and cortex is essential for generating the mature cortical area map.