Assessment of the infant with a peripheral intravenous device

Inserting, monitoring, and maintaining peripheral venous access is an integral component of neonatal nursing care. Although complications associated with peripheral vascular devices are typically minor, some infants may experience life-threatening sequelae or serious and prolonged alterations in function. This article provides a review of the relevant anatomy and physiology of the peripheral venous system, techniques for maintaining catheter security, and guidelines for conducting a systematic physical assessment. The most commonly occurring complications, such as infiltration, phlebitis, and occlusion, are described. The etiology of the complications, signs and symptoms, and key evidence-based prevention strategies are outlined.