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Waveguide lenses with multimode interference for low-loss slab propagation.

Howard R Stuart¹

¹Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 101 Crawfords Corner Road, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733, USA. hrstuart@alum.mit.edu

|December 3, 2003

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Synthesizing a focusing Gaussian beam using optical waveguide modes enables low-loss coupling. This technique improves performance in integrated optical devices like waveguide crossings and mirrors.

Area of Science:

Photonics
Optical Engineering
Waveguide Optics

Background:

Efficient coupling of optical modes is crucial for integrated photonic circuits.
Minimizing loss in waveguide interconnects is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a method for synthesizing a nearly ideal two-dimensional focusing Gaussian beam.
To utilize this beam for low-loss lateral mode coupling across slab waveguide regions.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a linear combination of the two lowest-order even modes of an optical waveguide.
Employing multimode interference (MMI) couplers to transform waveguide modes into a focusing Gaussian beam.
Performing two-dimensional beam propagation simulations to analyze beam behavior.

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Main Results:

A focusing Gaussian beam was successfully synthesized from waveguide modes.
The synthesized beam was used to couple modes across an 88-microm-long slab region with a low loss of 0.036 dB.
Simulations confirmed that the beam focuses rather than diverges in the slab region.

Conclusions:

The proposed technique effectively synthesizes a focusing Gaussian beam for low-loss mode coupling.
This method offers significant improvements for integrated optical components such as waveguide crossings and turning mirrors.