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Theiler's virus infection: a model for multiple sclerosis.

Emilia L Oleszak1, J Robert Chang, Herman Friedman

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, USA. emelia.oleszak@temple.edu

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|January 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Theiler

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology involves genetic and environmental factors, potentially including viruses.
  • Viral experimental models suggest various viruses can trigger inflammatory demyelinating diseases similar to MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the similarities between Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease in mice and human multiple sclerosis.
  • To underscore the relevance of this animal model for MS research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Theiler's virus in susceptible mouse strains to model MS.
  • Analyzing early acute and late chronic disease phases, including viral replication, demyelination, and neuropathology.
  • Comparing neuropathological and immunological features between the mouse model and human MS.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Theiler's virus induces an acute encephalomyelitis followed by a chronic demyelinating disease in mice.
  • This model exhibits extensive demyelination, inflammation, spinal cord atrophy, and axonal loss.
  • Key similarities include MHC-dependent susceptibility, neuropathology (axonal damage, remyelination), and immune mediation.

Conclusions:

  • Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease in mice is a robust animal model for multiple sclerosis.
  • Shared immunological mechanisms and neuropathological features strengthen the model's relevance for understanding MS pathogenesis.
  • Further research into this model can elucidate MS mechanisms involving cytokines, nitric oxide, and costimulatory molecules.