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Related Experiment Videos

On building a bridge between brain and behavior.

Jeffrey D Schall1

  • 1Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA. jeffrey.d.schall@vanderbilt.edu

Annual Review of Psychology
|January 28, 2004
PubMed
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Cognitive neuroscience seeks brain-behavior links. This review examines limits in linking neural events to mental states using saccadic eye movement data.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • The core principle of cognitive neuroscience is the existence of a link between mental and brain states.
  • This principle is supported by event-related potentials, functional imaging in humans, and neurophysiology in monkeys.
  • The neural control of saccadic eye movements provides a model system for examining these links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the conceptual and technical limitations in establishing a direct correspondence between neural events and mental states.
  • To assess the validity of claims linking neural activity to overt behavior and hypothesized covert cognitive processes.
  • To use the well-studied domain of saccadic eye movement control as a case study.

Main Methods:

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  • Review of existing literature and data on the neural control of saccadic eye movements.
  • Analysis of conceptual frameworks used to link neural and mental states.
  • Evaluation of technical constraints in neuroimaging and electrophysiology.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified significant conceptual and technical challenges in mapping neural activity directly to specific mental states.
    • Highlighted ambiguities in interpreting neural data in the context of complex cognitive functions.
    • Demonstrated how limitations in current methods can lead to oversimplified conclusions about brain-mind correspondence.

    Conclusions:

    • Claims of precise correspondence between neural events and mental states require careful scrutiny.
    • The study of saccadic eye movements reveals inherent difficulties in bridging the gap between neural mechanisms and subjective experience.
    • Further methodological and theoretical advancements are needed to strengthen the foundations of cognitive neuroscience.