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Schizophrenia: etiology and course.

Elaine Walker1, Lisa Kestler, Annie Bollini

  • 1Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. psyefw@emory.edu,

Annual Review of Psychology
|January 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Schizophrenia research shows gradual progress in identifying risk factors. Genetic and prenatal influences create vulnerability, triggered by adolescent development and stress.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Schizophrenia research has progressed gradually over decades.
  • Identifying risk factors and understanding the etiology of schizophrenia are ongoing challenges.
  • Current understanding involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of research trends in schizophrenia.
  • To summarize current assumptions regarding the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in schizophrenia etiology.
  • To clarify the constitutional vulnerability and its triggers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cumulative research findings on schizophrenia.
  • Analysis of trends in genetic and environmental risk factor identification.

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  • Synthesis of current assumptions on the etiologic process.

    • Main Results:

    • Both genetic and prenatal factors contribute to constitutional vulnerability for schizophrenia.
    • Neuromaturational processes, particularly during adolescence, play a role.
    • Exposure to stressful life events can trigger the behavioral manifestation of this vulnerability.

    Conclusions:

    • Schizophrenia develops from a combination of inherited predisposition and environmental influences.
    • Adolescent development and stress are critical in triggering the onset of schizophrenia.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex etiologic pathways.