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Motivational influences on cigarette smoking
Timothy B Baker1, Thomas H Brandon, Laurie Chassin
1Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, and Center for Tobacco Research & Intervention, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA. tbb@ctri.medicine.wisc.edu
Annual Review of Psychology
|January 28, 2004
Summary
Nicotine drives tobacco addiction, causing physical dependence and euphoria. Adolescent smoking persists, influenced by various factors, though their exact causal roles remain unclear.
Area of Science:
- Addiction research
- Neuroscience of addiction
- Public health
Background:
- Cigarette smoking is a major cause of death and illness.
- Nicotine is essential for tobacco addiction, producing key effects of addictive drugs.
- Adolescent smoking remains prevalent despite overall declines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of nicotine in tobacco addiction.
- To examine factors contributing to adolescent smoking.
- To understand the motivations for established tobacco dependence.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of addiction research.
- Analysis of smoking prevalence data.
- Examination of etiological factors in adolescent smoking.
Main Results:
- Nicotine causes sensitization, tolerance, physical dependence, and euphoria.
- Adolescent smoking is linked to physical dependence, ethnicity, impulsivity, mood disorders, and peer influence.
- Established tobacco dependence is motivated by withdrawal reduction, stress relief expectations, and conditioned reinforcement.
Conclusions:
- Nicotine is central to the addictive nature of smoking.
- Multiple factors influence adolescent smoking, with varying individual and developmental impacts.
- Understanding these motivations is crucial for developing effective smoking cessation interventions.