[How surgery has changed and is still changing]

Previous half of the century has influenced surgery not only by enormous progress of the knowledge in medicine, but namely in the last decade, by the introduction of mini-invasive operation techniques. Because of the highly effective conservation treatment, the spectrum of operations has been changed as well as the tactics and techniques of individual surgical procedures. Perspectives of surgery are in further specialization, introduction of one-day operations, and in the continuous development of mini-invasive operation techniques. The share of robots in the clinical praxis and in the training of surgeons is still difficult to forecast.