Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Depression: Overview

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...

Self-Esteem and Culture

Self-Esteem and Culture

Self-esteem, a core psychological construct, is intricately shaped by cultural context and varies significantly between collectivist and individualistic societies. In collectivist cultures such as Japan, self-esteem tends to be flexible, context-sensitive, and influenced by relationships. A Japanese student, for instance, may show restraint in formal settings like school but behave more openly among close friends, reflecting the flexible and dynamic nature of self-concept in such...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Perceived and internalized smoking stigma among pregnant women: association with smoking reduction, reactance to smoking health warnings, and intention to discuss smoking with health professionals.

Journal of behavioral medicine·2025

Same author

A video-based intervention to overcome pregnancy smoking stigma among healthcare students: a randomised controlled trial.

Psychology & health·2024

Same author

Discussing the possibility of fertility treatment being unsuccessful as part of routine care offered at clinics: patients' experiences, willingness, and preferences.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2023

Same author

Women's quality of life and mental health in the first year after birth: Associated factors and effects of antenatal preventive measures among mothers in the ELFE cohort.

Journal of affective disorders·2022

Same author

Fungal-bacterial biofilm mediated heavy metal rhizo-remediation.

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology·2022

Same author

Pregnancy denial: a complex symptom with life context as a trigger? A prospective case-control study.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Published on: June 10, 2013

Postnatal depression across countries and cultures: a qualitative study.

M R Oates¹, J L Cox, S Neema

¹Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, UK. margaret.oates@nottingham.ac.uk

The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement

|February 3, 2004

Summary

Postnatal depression is universally experienced as unhappiness after childbirth. However, its recognition and treatment as an illness vary significantly across cultures, impacting health interventions.

More Related Videos

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Published on: June 10, 2013

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

Area of Science:

Cross-cultural psychiatry
Global mental health
Anthropology of health

Background:

Postnatal depression (PND) is often considered universal, yet cultural factors influence its perception.
Anthropological perspectives question the cross-cultural equivalence of PND due to cultural context.

Purpose of the Study:

To qualitatively explore the universal recognition, attribution, and description of postnatal depression.
To investigate perceptions of remedies and services for postpartum unhappiness globally.

Main Methods:

A qualitative study conducted in 15 centers across 11 countries.
Data collected through focus groups with new mothers and interviews with fathers, grandmothers, and health professionals.
Textual analysis and cross-center comparison of emergent themes.

Main Results:

All participating centers identified a state of morbid unhappiness post-childbirth comparable to PND.
However, not all cultures perceive this unhappiness as an illness requiring medical intervention.

Conclusions:

Findings support the universality of postpartum unhappiness but question the cross-cultural equivalence of PND as a medical illness.
This highlights the need for culturally sensitive approaches in research and healthcare for PND.