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Exercise, nutrition and immune function.

Michael Gleeson1, David C Nieman, Bente K Pedersen

  • 1School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK. m.gleeson@lboro.ac.uk

Journal of Sports Sciences
|February 20, 2004
PubMed
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Proper nutrition is crucial for athletes to maintain immune function during strenuous exercise. A balanced diet, adequate energy, and carbohydrate intake can mitigate exercise-induced immune depression, while supplements lack proven benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Immunology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Prolonged, strenuous exercise can suppress immune cell function.
  • Inadequate nutrition, including deficiencies in protein and micronutrients, exacerbates exercise-induced immune impairment.
  • Excessive fat intake and certain micronutrient imbalances can also negatively affect immune function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of nutrition on immune function in athletes.
  • To highlight the importance of adequate energy and nutrient intake for immunocompetence.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrate consumption and supplements on exercise-induced immune changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining exercise, nutrition, and immune responses.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of the role of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) in immune function.
  • Examination of the effects of specific dietary strategies and supplements on immune markers.

    • Main Results:

    • Adequate energy intake and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining athlete immunity.
    • Consuming 30-60g of carbohydrates per hour during sustained exercise reduces stress hormone elevation and immune depression.
    • Current evidence does not support the effectiveness of 'immune-boosting' supplements in preventing exercise-induced immune impairment.

    Conclusions:

    • Athletes must prioritize a well-balanced diet to meet energy demands and support immune function.
    • Strategic carbohydrate intake during exercise is beneficial for attenuating immune suppression.
    • Claims regarding the immune benefits of many popular supplements for athletes are not substantiated by robust scientific evidence.