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Related Experiment Videos

Sampling and quantifying invertebrates from drinking water distribution mains.

J Hein M van Lieverloo1, Dick W Bosboom, Geo L Bakker

  • 1Kiwa Water Research, Nieuwegein 3430 BB, P.O. Box. 1072, The Netherlands. Hein.van.Lieverloo@kiwa.nl

Water Research
|February 21, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Optimized methods effectively sample and quantify invertebrates in Dutch drinking water distribution systems, aiding water utilities in monitoring biological stability without disinfectants. This approach is practical for most taxa, though small or sessile organisms may be underestimated.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Water utilities in the Netherlands distribute biologically stable water with minimal disinfectant residuals.
  • Controlling microbial multiplication is key to maintaining water quality.
  • Assessing invertebrate populations is crucial for understanding biological stability in distribution systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize and evaluate methods for sampling and quantifying invertebrates in drinking water distribution mains.
  • To determine the efficiency of removal and retention of various invertebrate taxa.
  • To assess the practicability of the developed method for routine monitoring by water utilities.

Main Methods:

  • Unidirectional flushing of mains sections at 1 m/s, followed by filtration through 500 µm and 100 µm plankton gauze filters.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Removal efficiency assessed by comparing sampled invertebrates with those from intensive main cleaning.
  • Retention efficiency evaluated by re-filtering 100 µm filtrate through 30 µm filters.

    • Main Results:

    • The flushing and filtration method effectively removed most (51-75%) of the 12 distinguished invertebrate taxa.
    • 100 µm filters demonstrated good retention (53-100%) for most taxa, with exceptions for small, flexible invertebrates.
    • Sub-sampling with a 10 ml pipette was effective in 75% of samples with high sediment concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method is suitable and practical for assessing the abundance of most invertebrate taxa in drinking water distribution systems.
    • While small or sessile invertebrates may be underestimated, they are unlikely to be the primary cause of consumer complaints.
    • Further accuracy for small invertebrates can be achieved by using a 30 µm mesh filter in addition to the 100 µm filter.