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Modulation of human endothelial cell behaviour in simulated microgravity.
Sofia I M Carlsson1, Maria T S Bertilaccio, Isabella Ascari
1Universita di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Precliniche LITA-Vialba, Milano, Italy.
Journal of Gravitational Physiology : a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology
|March 9, 2004
Summary
Microgravity affects human endothelial cells, promoting faster growth and increased production of vasodilators like nitric oxide and prostacyclin. These findings offer insights into vascular changes observed in astronauts.
Area of Science:
- Cell biology
- Space biology
- Physiology
Background:
- Eukaryotic organisms are influenced by gravity.
- Low gravity in space alters cellular processes in mammalian cells.
- Endothelial cells are vital in diseases involving angiogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of simulated microgravity on human endothelial cells.
- To assess cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenic potential under hypogravity.
- To examine the synthesis of vasoactive molecules in response to altered gravitational forces.
Main Methods:
- Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured in Rotating Wall Vessels (RWV) to simulate microgravity.
- Assessment of cell viability and apoptosis rates.
- Evaluation of cell proliferation, metalloprotease levels, TIMP synthesis, and production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin.
Main Results:
- Cells remained viable with no increased apoptosis and showed faster proliferation up to 8 days.
- No change in metalloprotease levels, but increased synthesis of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP).
- Elevated synthesis of nitric oxide and prostacyclin, potent vasodilators, compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Simulated microgravity supports human endothelial cell growth without inducing an overtly pro-angiogenic phenotype.
- Hypogravity enhances the production of key vasodilators, nitric oxide and prostacyclin.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and physiological implications of these vascular changes in space.