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Nontraumatic deaths during U.S. Armed Forces basic training, 1977-2001.

Stephanie L Scoville1, John W Gardner, Alan J Magill

  • 1U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA. Stephanie.Scoville@na.amedd.army.mil

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|March 18, 2004
PubMed
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Military recruit deaths are lower than civilian rates, but exercise-related deaths, particularly cardiac events and heat stress, are a concern. Focusing on heat stress prevention may reduce these fatalities during training.

Area of Science:

  • Military Medicine
  • Public Health Surveillance
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Established a Recruit Mortality Registry linked to the Department of Defense Medical Mortality Registry.
  • Aimed to provide comprehensive medical surveillance for deaths during enlisted basic military training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze mortality trends and causes of death among military recruits from 1977 to 2001.
  • To compare recruit mortality rates with the same-age U.S. civilian population.

Main Methods:

  • Identified and confirmed recruit deaths (1977-2001) using redundant sources.
  • Collected demographic, circumstantial, and medical data for each case.
  • Calculated mortality rates per 100,000 recruit-years using accession data.

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Main Results:

  • 276 recruit deaths occurred; mortality rates were less than half of U.S. civilian rates.
  • 72% of deaths were nontraumatic, with 70% linked to exercise (59% cardiac, 33% heat stress).
  • Nontraumatic death rates increased with age and were higher in African American recruits.

Conclusions:

  • While overall recruit mortality is low, exercise-related deaths, especially from heat stress, warrant preventive measures.
  • 25 years of data allow ongoing evaluation of trends, preventive measure effectiveness, and emerging threats.