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Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes
Published on: June 28, 2024
Maternal anaemia and its impact on perinatal outcome
Farah Wali Lone1, Rahat Najam Qureshi, Faran Emanuel
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. farahwali@21@yahoo.com
Objective:
To find out the relationship between maternal anaemia and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Method:
A cohort of 629 pregnant women was studied from October 2001 to October 2002. Of these, 313 were anaemic (haemoglobin <11 g/dl in labour and on two previous occasions in current pregnancy). A total of 316 women had haemoglobin >11 g/dl at all times in pregnancy and were labelled as non-anaemic. Perinatal outcomes included preterm delivery, low birth weight (LBW) at delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, perinatal mortality, APGAR score at 1 and 5 min, intrauterine foetal demise (IUD).
Results:
The risk of preterm delivery and LBW among exposed group was 4 and 1.9 times higher among anaemic women, respectively. Newborns of anaemic mothers had 1.8 times increased risk of having an APGAR score of <5 at 1 min and the risk of IUD was 3.7 times higher for anaemic women.
Conclusion:
Low maternal haemoglobin levels are associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, LBW babies, APGAR score <5 at 1 min and IUD.
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