Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery
Published on: August 12, 2021
Stereopsis and long-term stability of alignment in esotropia
Eileen E Birch1, David R Stager, Priscilla Berry
1Retina Foundation of the Southwest, 9900 N Central Expressway, Suite 400, Dallas, TX 75231, USA.
Purpose:
Recent studies of infantile and accommodative esotropia (ET) have focused on stereoacuity as a final outcome measurement for judging the success or failure of treatment. The purpose of the present study was to extend this approach by evaluating whether the presence of stereopsis developing immediately after surgical alignment or optical correction plays a role in maintenance of long-term alignment.
Methods:
Random-dot stereoacuity was assessed within 3 months of initial surgical alignment in 70 children with infantile ET and within 3 months of initial optical correction in 66 children with accommodative ET. At > or = 5 years of age, adverse outcomes were assessed including loss of alignment, amblyopia, and nil stereopsis. Risk-factor analysis was used to evaluate whether early nil stereopsis increased the risk for subsequent adverse outcomes.
Results:
In the infantile ET cohort, early nil stereopsis was associated with a 3.6 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4 to 4.1) greater risk of surgery for recurrent ET or consecutive exotropia and a 4.2 times (95% CI 3.3 to 4.4) greater risk for nil stereopsis at > or = 5 years of age. In the accommodative ET cohort, early nil stereopsis was associated with a 17.4 times (95% CI 3.3 to 32.2) greater risk of surgery for ET and a 32.2 times (95% CI 15.8 to 35.6) greater risk for nil stereopsis at > or = 5 years of age.
Conclusion:
Treatment protocols designed to optimize stereoacuity outcomes promote long-term stability of alignment.
Related Concept Videos
Stereoisomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds
Stability of structures
Eccentricity of an Ellipse
Naming Enantiomers