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Non-major histocompatibility complex alloantigen genes affecting immunity.

W E Briles1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA. ebriles@niu.edu

Poultry Science
|April 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Genetic alloantigens influence various immune responses in chickens, including disease resistance and antibody production. Specific alloantigen systems show distinct gene frequency changes linked to immune traits and disease susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Avian immunology
  • Animal genetics

Background:

  • Alloantigens are genetically determined cell-surface molecules crucial for immune recognition.
  • Twelve distinct families of alloantigens (A-L, P, R) have been identified, with most genes segregating independently.
  • Previous studies suggest associations between certain alloantigen systems and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of specific alloantigen systems on various immune responses in chickens.
  • To identify correlations between alloantigen gene frequencies and traits like disease resistance, antibody production, and organ size.
  • To establish a method for simultaneously testing multiple alloantigen systems.

Main Methods:

  • Selection experiments over multiple generations were conducted to alter gene frequencies of specific alloantigen systems.

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  • Immune responses were assessed by measuring susceptibility to coccidiosis, response to SRBC immunization, bursa of Fabricius size, macrophage nitrite production, and cytokine IL-6 production.
  • Genotypes of alloantigen systems were compared within families for traits such as monocyte phagocytosis and disease outcome.
  • A novel experimental procedure was developed to simultaneously test immune responses of 9 alloantigen systems.

    • Main Results:

    • Selection experiments revealed distinct changes in gene frequencies for A-E, C, D, I, and L alloantigen systems, correlating with immune responses.
    • Specific alloantigen systems (C, D, I, L) showed significant associations with macrophage function (nitrite and IL-6 production) and bursa size.
    • The L system demonstrated effects on monocyte phagocytosis, coccidiosis susceptibility, and responses to SRBC and Brucella abortus.
    • The P alloantigen system was linked to differences in monocyte phagocytosis.
    • A method for simultaneous testing of 9 alloantigen systems was successfully established.

    Conclusions:

    • Alloantigen systems play a significant role in modulating diverse immune responses in chickens.
    • Specific alloantigens are associated with disease resistance, antibody production, and cellular immune functions.
    • The established multi-system testing procedure provides a valuable tool for future immunogenetic research in poultry.