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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Tropical sprue: revisited.

N Khokhar1, M L Gill

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shifa International Hospital and Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|May 8, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Tropical sprue, characterized by diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia, shows partial villous atrophy on biopsy. Treatment with tetracycline and folic acid led to successful symptom resolution and weight gain in all patients.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Tropical sprue is a malabsorption syndrome prevalent in tropical regions.
  • Clinical manifestations include diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, and anemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review patient experiences with tropical sprue.
  • To assess diagnosis, management, treatment response, and follow-up.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective descriptive study at a single center (January 1994 - January 2003).
  • Included patients with diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, anemia, partial villous atrophy on biopsy, and response to antibiotics and folic acid.

Main Results:

  • 42 patients (31 males, 11 females) aged 17-66 years were studied.

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  • All presented with diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, and megaloblastic anemia.
  • Distal duodenal biopsy showed partial villous atrophy in all cases.
  • Treatment with tetracycline (1g/day) and folic acid (5mg/day) for 3 months resulted in complete symptom resolution and weight gain within 4 weeks.
  • Mean follow-up of 5 years showed no relapses.

    • Conclusions:

    • Tropical sprue presents with characteristic symptoms and megaloblastic anemia.
    • Partial villous atrophy is a consistent finding on intestinal biopsy.
    • Treatment with tetracycline and folic acid is highly effective for tropical sprue.