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[Aminoglycoside- and cisplatin-ototoxicity: from basic science to clinics]
J Lautermann1, N Dehne, J Schacht
1Universitäts-Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenklinik Essen. j.lautermann@klinikum-bochum.de
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie
|May 15, 2004
Summary
Gentamicin and cisplatin can cause irreversible hearing loss. This review explores their ototoxicity mechanisms, focusing on oxidative stress, cellular ions, and cell death pathways to understand and prevent hearing damage.
Area of Science:
- Oto-neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Cell Biology
Context:
- Gentamicin and cisplatin are common drugs with ototoxicity risks.
- Ototoxicity from these drugs can lead to irreversible hearing loss.
- Understanding ototoxicity mechanisms is crucial for developing preventive strategies.
Purpose:
- To review the shared and distinct pathomechanisms of gentamicin- and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
- To examine the role of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant systems, iron, calcium, nitric oxide, and neurotrophins in ototoxicity.
- To discuss apoptotic and necrotic cell death and mitochondrial roles in drug-induced ototoxicity.
Summary:
- This review details the molecular mechanisms underlying gentamicin- and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
- Key factors investigated include reactive oxygen species, cellular ion homeostasis (iron, calcium), nitric oxide signaling, and neurotrophic support.
- The study also covers cell death pathways (apoptosis, necrosis) and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of ototoxicity.
Impact:
- Provides a comprehensive overview of ototoxicity mechanisms for gentamicin and cisplatin.
- Highlights potential therapeutic targets for preventing drug-induced hearing loss.
- Informs clinical practice regarding the management of patients receiving ototoxic medications.