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Published on: August 28, 2020
[Enuresis: pathogenesis, diagnostics, and interventions]
Franz Petermann1, Petra Hampel, Tatiana Stauber
1Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen.
Insights
Enuresis, a common childhood disorder, requires updated classification beyond current standards. New research highlights distinct causes and effective treatments for nocturnal enuresis, but not for daytime functional urinary incontinence.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Urology
- Child Psychology
Context:
- Enuresis is a prevalent childhood disorder with evolving understanding.
- Current classifications (DSM-IV, ICD-10) are insufficient for diverse presentations.
- Recent research offers new insights into etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Purpose:
- To review current scientific knowledge on enuresis.
- To discuss updated conclusions on classification, etiology, diagnostics, and therapy.
- To highlight the heterogeneity of enuresis and its implications.
Summary:
- Enuresis classification needs revision; daytime wetting represents functional urinary incontinence syndromes.
- Primary nocturnal enuresis is primarily biological, while secondary enuresis involves psychosocial factors.
- Effective interventions exist for nocturnal enuresis, but treatments for functional urinary incontinence lack confirmed benefits.
Impact:
- Revised understanding of enuresis classification and etiology.
- Tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are necessary.
- Highlights the need for further research into effective treatments for functional urinary incontinence.
Abstract:
This review summarizes the current scientific knowledge on enuresis. Enuresis is one of the most common disorders in childhood. New conclusions on classification, aetiology, clinical diagnostics and therapy could be drawn in the past years. Thus, recent results have shown that the previous classification of enuresis into nocturnal, diurnal and diurnal and nocturnal forms which is suggested by DSM-IV and ICD-10 is not sufficient. Daytime wetting consists of a heterogeneous group of syndromes, which should be considered as functional urinary incontinence. Primary nocturnal enuresis is mainly caused by biological factors. In contrast, psychosocial factors play an important role in the manifestation of the disease, especially in secondary enuresis. Diagnostical and therapeutical concepts have to consider the heterogeneity of this disorder. Evaluation studies were supported by effective intervention programs for nocturnal enuresis. But beneficial effects of treatments for functional urinary incontinence were not confirmed.
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