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Phase change microvalve for integrated devices.

Rohit Pal1, Ming Yang, Brian N Johnson

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|July 2, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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A novel meltable piston microvalve offers a simple, reusable, and leak-proof solution for fluid control in microfluidic devices. This phase change valve enables electronic addressing and has been successfully demonstrated in DNA amplification via PCR.

Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biochemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional microvalves often require complex fabrication and can suffer from leakage or limited reusability.
  • Developing simple, robust, and electronically addressable microvalves is crucial for advancing microfluidic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel active microvalve utilizing a phase change meltable piston.
  • To demonstrate the valve's performance and integration into a biochemical reaction device for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Main Methods:

  • A microvalve design employing a meltable piston to obstruct fluid flow in microchannels was developed.
  • The valve was electronically actuated using resistive heaters and characterized for operational parameters.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Integration into a microfluidic device for DNA amplification (PCR) was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • The phase change microvalve demonstrated simple operation, inherent latching, reusability, and leak-proof performance up to 250 psi.
    • Piston displacements exceeding 5 mm within 1 second were achieved.
    • Successful DNA amplification using PCR was demonstrated with integrated microvalves in a 50 µm x 200 µm channel.

    Conclusions:

    • The phase change microvalve presents a significant advancement in microfluidic component technology.
    • Its ease of fabrication, electronic addressability, and robust performance make it suitable for complex microfluidic circuits and biochemical assays.
    • This technology has the potential to enhance the development of integrated microfluidic systems for various applications.