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Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome caused by bromochlorodifluoromethane from fire extinguishers
M Matrat1, M F Laurence, Y Iwatsubo
1Unité de Pathologie Professionnelle, Service de Pneumologie et Pathologie Professionnelle, CHI Créteil, France.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|July 20, 2004
Summary
Accidental exposure to bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211) can cause occupational asthma and reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. Symptoms include immediate respiratory irritation and persistent bronchial hyperreactivity, even years later.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Medicine
- Pulmonology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Neurological and cardiovascular effects of Freons are well-documented.
- Respiratory effects of Freons, particularly bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211), are less understood.
- Fire extinguishers containing Halon 1211 pose a risk of accidental release.
Observation:
- Four cases of occupational asthma after accidental Halon 1211 exposure from fire extinguishers are presented.
- Immediate symptoms included upper airway irritation and lower respiratory distress.
- All subjects exhibited non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity for at least two months post-exposure.
Findings:
- Persistent bronchial hyperreactivity was noted in one case for over two years.
- Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome was diagnosed in at least three of the four subjects.
- Bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211) exposure can lead to significant and prolonged respiratory impairment.
Implications:
- Highlights the under-recognized respiratory risks associated with Halon 1211.
- Emphasizes the need for awareness and preventative measures in occupational settings with potential Halon exposure.
- Suggests Halon 1211 exposure as a potential cause of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome.