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Loading working memory enhances affective priming.

Mark Rotteveel1, R Hans Phaf

  • 1Department of Psychonomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. mrotteveel@uva.nl

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 21, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Nonconscious emotional processing is stronger under divided attention. This suggests that our emotions are significantly influenced by processes occurring outside of our full awareness, especially when attention is divided.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Affective priming demonstrates how emotional stimuli influence subsequent evaluations.
  • Suboptimal stimulus conditions (e.g., reduced consciousness) may reveal nonconscious emotional processing.
  • Divided attention and impoverished stimulus presentation are proposed to create suboptimal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nonconscious processes in emotion.
  • To examine how attention modulates affective priming.
  • To compare affective and nonaffective priming under varying attentional demands.

Main Methods:

  • Participants evaluated Japanese ideographs preceded by affective (happy, angry) or nonaffective (male, female) faces.
  • Attention was manipulated using a concurrent working memory load task (divided attention vs. focused attention).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Stimulus presentation duration was kept constant.

    • Main Results:

    • Affective priming effects were significantly larger under divided attention compared to focused attention.
    • Nonaffective priming did not show this difference between attention conditions.
    • This pattern supports the hypothesis that nonconscious processes are more influential in the affective domain.

    Conclusions:

    • Divided attention enhances affective priming, indicating a greater role for nonconscious emotional processing when conscious awareness is reduced.
    • Both stimulus quality and attentional manipulations can probe conscious versus nonconscious processes.
    • The affective domain shows a stronger pattern of enhanced priming under suboptimal conditions.