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Related Experiment Videos

Weight force during prone restraint and respiratory function.

Theodore C Chan1, Tom Neuman, Jack Clausen

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA. tcchan@ucsd.edu

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
|August 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Prone maximal restraint position (PMRP) can restrict breathing. Adding weight force (25-50 lbs) to PMRP did not further impair respiratory function or cause hypoxia.

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Physiology
  • Law Enforcement Safety

Background:

  • Prone maximal restraint position (PMRP) is utilized by law enforcement and prehospital personnel for managing violent individuals.
  • The application of weight force to the torso during PMRP is a common practice.
  • Potential respiratory compromise associated with PMRP requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of PMRP on respiratory function.
  • To determine the effect of added weight force (25 and 50 lbs) on respiratory parameters in PMRP.
  • To assess the safety of PMRP with and without added weight force.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, cross-over, controlled trial was conducted on 10 human volunteers.
  • Subjects were placed in four positions: sitting, PMRP, PMRP with 25 lbs, and PMRP with 50 lbs of weight force.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Respiratory function was assessed using pulse oximetry, end-tidal CO2, forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).

    • Main Results:

    • All restraint positions showed significantly lower FVC and FEV1 compared to sitting.
    • No significant difference in FVC or FEV1 was observed between PMRP with and without added weight.
    • Oxygen saturation remained above 95% and end-tidal CO2 below 45 mm Hg across all conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • PMRP induces a restrictive pulmonary function pattern.
    • The addition of 25 or 50 lbs of weight force does not exacerbate respiratory impairment in PMRP.
    • PMRP, even with added weight, did not lead to hypoxia or hypoventilation in this study population.