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Nonlinear and nonequilibrium dynamics in geomaterials.

James A TenCate1, Donatella Pasqualini, Salman Habib

  • 1EES-11, University of California, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 25, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Rocks transition from linear to nonlinear dynamical elasticity under strain. This study experimentally investigates this transition in sandstones, finding a simple model captures nonlinear behavior before nonequilibrium effects emerge.

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Rock Mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding rock elasticity is crucial for seismic wave propagation.
  • Consolidated granular materials exhibit complex dynamical processes.
  • The transition from linear to nonlinear behavior in rocks is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the transition from linear to nonlinear dynamical elasticity in Berea and Fontainebleau sandstones.
  • To characterize the strain levels at which this transition occurs.
  • To evaluate the applicability of a macroscopic dynamical model to this nonlinear behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of rock behavior under varying strain levels.
  • Analysis of seismic wave propagation characteristics.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Application of a macroscopic dynamical model for comparison.

    • Main Results:

    • Berea and Fontainebleau sandstones exhibit a clear transition from linear to nonlinear dynamical elasticity.
    • A simple macroscopic dynamical model accurately captures the nonlinear behavior within a specific strain range.
    • At higher strains, driven nonequilibrium states and relaxation phenomena complicate the nonlinear characterization.

    Conclusions:

    • The transition to nonlinear elasticity in sandstones is experimentally verifiable.
    • Macroscopic models can describe nonlinear rock behavior, but limitations exist at high strains.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand complex phenomena like driven nonequilibrium states in rocks.