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Improving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training: a meta-analytic study.

P Verhaeghen1, A Marcoen, L Goossens

  • 1Center for Developmental Psychology, University of Louvain (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), Belgium.

Psychology and Aging
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
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Memory training significantly boosts cognitive function in older adults. Gains were most pronounced with group-based, pre-training, and memory-specific interventions, though age and session length played a role.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Age-related memory decline is a significant concern for the elderly.
  • Memory training interventions aim to mitigate cognitive decline and enhance memory function in older adults.
  • Evidence on the effectiveness of various memory training programs requires synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analyze the effectiveness of memory training on episodic memory in healthy adults aged 60 and above.
  • To identify factors influencing treatment gains in memory training programs for the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted on pre-to-posttest gains in episodic memory tasks.
  • Included healthy participants aged 60 years or older.
  • Compared training groups with control and placebo groups.

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Main Results:

  • Memory training groups showed significantly larger pre-to-posttest gains (0.73 SD) compared to control (0.38 SD) and placebo (0.37 SD) groups.
  • Treatment gains were negatively influenced by participant age and training session duration.
  • Positive effects on gains were observed with group treatment, pretraining, and memory-specific interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Memory training is effective in improving episodic memory in healthy older adults.
  • Optimizing memory training involves considering participant age, session duration, and intervention type (group, pretraining, memory-focused).
  • The type of mnemonic or pretraining method did not significantly alter treatment gains.