Case report: reporting anti-G as anti-C+D may have misleading clinical implications

Area of Science:

• Transfusion Medicine
• Blood Group Serology
• Immunology

Background:

• Alloimmunization to red blood cell (RBC) antigens can complicate transfusions.
• Accurate identification of antibodies is crucial for patient safety.
• The D antigen and related antigens (C, G) are significant in transfusion medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate a case of suspected anti-D alloimmunization in a D- individual.
• To differentiate between anti-C+D and anti-G antibodies.
• To emphasize the importance of accurate blood group serology interpretation.

Main Methods:

• Standard pretransfusion antibody screening and alloantibody identification panel.
• Review of hospital transfusion records.
• Consultation with a reference laboratory.
• Additional serologic testing for antibody identification.

Main Results:

• An antibody initially reported as anti-C+D was detected in a D- male after transfusion with D- RBCs.
• Further testing confirmed the antibody was anti-G, not anti-C+D.
• The stimulus for anti-G was identified as a C+D- RBC unit from a G+ donor.

Conclusions:

• Serologic reactions for anti-C+D can be mistaken for anti-G.
• Misinterpretation can lead to erroneous conclusions about alloimmunization and transfusion history.
• Confirmatory testing and awareness of anti-G are essential for healthcare providers.