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Vortex nucleation by collapsing bubbles in Bose-Einstein condensates.

Natalia G Berloff1, Carlo F Barenghi

  • 1Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Vortex ring nucleation occurs during the collapse of ultrasound bubbles in superfluids. Minimum bubble radius for nucleation is 28 healing lengths, influenced by bubble motion and shape.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum fluids
  • Superfluidity

Background:

  • Ultrasound bubbles in superfluids can collapse.
  • Bubble collapse in superfluids is associated with vortex ring nucleation.
  • Understanding the conditions for vortex nucleation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the stages of stationary bubble collapse in superfluids.
  • To establish conditions necessary for vortex nucleation during bubble collapse.
  • To investigate the effect of bubble motion and shape on vortex nucleation.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
  • Analysis of spherically symmetric bubble collapse in a uniform condensate.
  • Investigation of vortex nucleation dynamics.

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Main Results:

  • The minimum radius for vortex nucleation in stationary bubbles is 28±1 healing lengths.
  • Nucleation time is dependent on the bubble's initial radius.
  • Vortex nucleation can occur in smaller, oblate moving bubbles.

Conclusions:

  • The collapse dynamics of ultrasound bubbles in superfluids are characterized by distinct stages.
  • Specific bubble radii and shapes are critical for initiating vortex ring nucleation.
  • Bubble motion can lower the threshold for vortex nucleation.