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Language-association cortex asymmetry in autism and specific language impairment.

Lies De Fossé1, Steven M Hodge, Nikos Makris

  • 1Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital.

Annals of Neurology
|October 13, 2004
PubMed
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Boys with autism and specific language impairment (SLI) show reversed frontal language cortex asymmetry. This finding strengthens the link between SLI and a subgroup of autism, suggesting reversed asymmetry relates to language deficits, not autism itself.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Language deficits are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Previous research indicated frontal language cortex asymmetry reversal in boys with autism.
  • Specific language impairment (SLI) shares language deficits with ASD, suggesting potential genetic links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate frontal language cortex asymmetry in a new sample of right-handed boys with autism and SLI.
  • To determine if reversed asymmetry is specific to autism or associated with language impairment.
  • To strengthen the understanding of the phenotypic link between autism and SLI.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 22 boys with autism (16 with language impairment - ALI, 6 with normal language - ALN), 9 with SLI, and 11 controls (aged 6.2-13.4 years).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized MRI scans to segment grey and white matter and parcellate the cerebral cortex.
  • Analyzed volumetric asymmetry in language-related regions, specifically Broca's area and posterior superior temporal cortex.

    • Main Results:

    • Language-impaired boys with autism (ALI) and boys with SLI exhibited significant reversal of asymmetry in frontal language-related cortex.
    • This reversal was characterized by larger right-sided asymmetry in language-impaired groups and larger left-sided asymmetry in unimpaired groups.
    • Boys with autism and normal language ability (ALN) showed similar asymmetry patterns to the control group.

    Conclusions:

    • Replicated previous findings of reversed frontal language cortex asymmetry in an independent autism sample.
    • Observed similar asymmetry reversal in boys with SLI, reinforcing a phenotypic link between SLI and a subgroup of autism.
    • Suggests that frontal language cortex asymmetry reversal is associated with language impairment rather than autism diagnosis per se.