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Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
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Primary dysmenorrhea: assessment and management update

Dawn Durain1

  • 1Nurse-Midwifery Program of the University of Pennsylnvania Graduate School of Nursing, Philadelphia 19104, USA. duraind@nursing.upenn.edu

Journal of Midwifery & Women'S Health
|November 17, 2004
PubMed

Many women are familiar with the experience of dysmenorrhea, which can contribute to significant physical and emotional distress and life disruption. However, women may not seek professional expertise in their attempt to alleviate this condition. It is important to assess the beliefs and experiences of all women with dysmenorrhea, including adolescents, as early in gynecologic care as possible. This article reviews the management of primary dysmenorrhea. Midwives can provide valuable assistance to women in their explorations of the variety of treatment options available for the relief of dysmenorrhea, including lifestyle changes, complementary and alternative approaches, analgesics, and hormones.

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