Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Search research articles

Related Experiment Videos

The transitional isoelectric focusing process.

Tiemin Huang¹, Zhen Liu, Janusz Pawliszyn

¹The Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1. janusz@uwaterloo.ca

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

|December 21, 2004

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cognitive engagement induces area-specific fingerprints of dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate and GABA in prefrontal cortex and striatum.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Nonexhaustive microextraction as a step toward more sustainable chemical analysis in the field and the clinic.

Nature protocols·2026

Same author

<i>In Vivo</i> Negligible Depletion SPME for the Determination of Free and Total Concentrations of Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in the Brain of a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same author

Defects in auxiliary fuel oxidation and mitochondrial pyruvate transport mark transition to overt heart failure in Tgαq*44 mice.

Journal of translational medicine·2026

Same author

High-throughput screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in human plasma using biocompatible solid-phase microextraction coupled with mass spectrometry via microfluidic open interface.

Analytica chimica acta·2026

Same author

Comprehensive analysis of exhaled breath VOCs using GC-MS and GC×GC-TOF-MS: a comparative platform evaluation with TFME and NTD sampling for free and total concentrations.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2025

Same journal

Smartphone-integrated one-step colorimetric glucose detection at physiological pH enabled by a haloperoxidase mimic.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Chemiluminescence functionalized magnetic nanoparticles-based biosensor for sensitive detection of glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Single-cell mass spectrometry imaging: platform advances for multimodal spatial omics.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Advancing total uronic acid quantification using a stable isotope dilution approach: validation and application to plant- and algal-derived polysaccharides.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Electroanalytical method development for the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib using a Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>-MXene based molecularly imprinted polymer modified carbon electrode.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Impact of blood contamination on hydrophilic metabolomics in human meningioma tissue.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026

See all related articles

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) time increases logarithmically with carrier ampholyte (CA) concentration. This study explains the double-peak phenomenon in IEF and its dependence on CA concentration and electric fields.

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Separation Science
Biochemistry

Background:

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) is a key protein separation technique.
Understanding the dynamics of pH gradient formation is crucial for optimizing IEF.
Carrier ampholytes (CAs) are essential for establishing stable pH gradients in IEF.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the transitional isoelectric focusing (IEF) process, including pH gradient formation by CAs.
To correlate focusing time with CA concentration using a whole-column detection capillary IEF (CIEF) system.
To explain the observed transitional double-peak phenomenon in IEF.

Main Methods:

Utilized a whole-column detection capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) system.
Investigated pH gradient formation by carrier ampholytes (CAs).

Related Experiment Videos

Analyzed the correlation between focusing time and CA concentration under constant voltage.

Main Results:

The transitional double-peak phenomenon in IEF was attributed to proton and hydroxyl ion migration and electric field distribution.
Focusing times were found to increase logarithmically with increasing CA concentration.
The charge-transfer rate's dependence on charged CA concentration explained the observed correlation.

Conclusions:

The study provides a mechanistic explanation for the double-peak phenomenon in IEF.
Logarithmic dependence of focusing time on CA concentration offers insights for optimizing IEF protocols.
Understanding these transitional dynamics enhances the application of CIEF in biochemical analysis.