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Variants of B19.

¹Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. brownk@nhlbi.nih.gov

Developments in Biologicals

|January 14, 2005

Summary

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is a small, resilient virus discovered in 1975. This review covers B19 biology, its presence in blood products, and recent variants.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is the sole identified pathogenic parvovirus affecting humans.
It is a small (22-24 nm), non-enveloped, icosahedral virus with a single-stranded genome.
B19 replicates to high titers in bone marrow, leading to high levels of infectious virus in peripheral blood during acute infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of parvovirus B19 infection biology.
To discuss recently identified variants of parvovirus B19.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing medical reviews on parvovirus B19.
Synthesis of information on viral biology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management.

Main Results:

Parvovirus B19 is a frequent contaminant in blood and blood products due to high viremia.
Its non-enveloped structure confers resistance to solvent detergents, heat, and gamma irradiation.
The review will cover established knowledge and new variants.

Conclusions:

Parvovirus B19 possesses unique biological characteristics making it a significant consideration in transfusion medicine.
Understanding B19 biology and its variants is crucial for diagnosis and management.

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