[The role and place of the prophilactic oophorectomy]

The malignant diseases of the female genital organs present 24.7% from the all neoplastic diseases at the women and they are significant medical and social problem. In our country, the structure of the oncogynecological incidence (1999) shows, that ovarian cancer with its 17.9% takes third place, as well as it is the leading cause for death (8.4%) among the women with gynecological cancer. The present study shows, that the increased risk for ovarian cancer is connected with the advanced age, the use of some hormonal medicaments, diet reach of animal fats, as well as the presence of family history or hereditary cancer syndromes (5-10% of the cases). From the other site, decrease of the risk is present when there are more deliveries, breastfeeding, low calories vegetable diet, oral contraceptives use, sterilization and prophylactic oophorectomy. It is pointed out, that prophylactic oophorectomy is the only effective method for the prevention of the ovarian cancer, especially in the cases with familial or hereditary predisposition. In Bulgaria there is not established tradition of performing of prophylactic oophorectomy when there is high risk for ovarian cancer. At the same time according to the data of the National Health Insurance Fund for the period 01.04.2003 - 01.04.2004 were performed total 5987 hysterectomies, without preliminary data for oncological disease , together with oophorectomy or salpingooophorectomy at 3108 (53.1%) cases. In this respect, the place, role, as well as, the possible risks of this surgical procedure are discussed.