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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Longitudinal changes in the visual field and optic disc in glaucoma.

Paul H Artes1, Balwantray C Chauhan

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, 2nd floor, Centennial Building, 1278 Tower Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2Y9.

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
|February 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Structural optic disc changes and functional visual field changes in open-angle glaucoma appear to progress independently. This study used advanced imaging and perimetry to analyze longitudinal data, finding limited correlation between structural and functional measures over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The progression of open-angle glaucoma, particularly the relationship between structural and functional changes, is debated.
  • Existing evidence from prospective studies using modern techniques is limited.
  • Traditionally, optic disc and nerve fiber layer changes are thought to precede visual field deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between visual field progression and optic disc structural changes in open-angle glaucoma.
  • To analyze longitudinal data from glaucoma patients and normal controls using advanced diagnostic tools.
  • To compare the progression patterns of different functional and structural measures.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective collection of clinical data from glaucoma patients and normal controls over several years.
  • Utilized standard automated perimetry (SAP), high-pass resolution perimetry (HRP), and confocal scanning laser tomography (CSLT).
  • Employed longitudinal data analysis methods, including a novel 'evidence of change' analysis technique.

Main Results:

  • Measures of visual function (SAP, HRP) and optic disc structure (CSLT) provided largely independent indicators of glaucoma progression.
  • The study found limited correlation between the rate of structural damage and functional visual field loss.
  • The 'evidence of change' analysis facilitated comparative assessment of different diagnostic tests.

Conclusions:

  • Current clinical indicators for visual function and optic disc structure represent largely independent measures of glaucoma progression.
  • The findings challenge the traditional view of a tightly coupled structure-function relationship in glaucoma progression.
  • Methodological challenges exist in accurately elucidating the true structure-function relationship in glaucoma.