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Prosocial behavior: multilevel perspectives.

Louis A Penner1, John F Dovidio, Jane A Piliavin

  • 1Karmanos Cancer Institute/Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 40202, USA. pennerl@karmanos.org

Annual Review of Psychology
|February 16, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This study organizes prosocial behavior research using a multilevel framework. It examines helper-recipient dyads (meso), origins of prosocial tendencies (micro), and group actions (macro) for future research integration.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Prosocial behavior research is diverse and broad.
  • A unified framework is needed to organize existing literature.
  • Existing studies often focus on isolated aspects of prosociality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a multilevel framework for organizing prosocial behavior research.
  • To identify and define three distinct levels of analysis: meso, micro, and macro.
  • To guide future integrated research on prosocial behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis.
  • Conceptual framework development.
  • Analysis of existing research across different levels.

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Main Results:

  • Identified three levels of analysis: meso (dyads), micro (individual origins), and macro (group/organizational actions).
  • Presented examples of research at each level.
  • Highlighted similarities and differences across the identified levels.

Conclusions:

  • A multilevel perspective offers a comprehensive way to understand prosocial behavior.
  • Integrating research across meso, micro, and macro levels is crucial for advancing the field.
  • Future research should focus on interdisciplinary and intra-disciplinary integration of these levels.