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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Psychophysiological Stress Assessment Using Biofeedback
Published on: July 31, 2009
Child trauma, attachment and biofeedback mitigation
1Paediatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Skopje.
Insights
Early insecure attachment is linked to childhood trauma and PTSD, potentially due to underdeveloped brain regions. Innovative biofeedback therapies show promising results for affected children.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Investigating the link between early attachment quality and childhood trauma.
- Exploring novel therapeutic interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Observation:
- 10 children (mean age 9) with PTSD were assessed using psychometric tools (MMPI, CBCL, EPQ, STAI).
- Children exhibited high anxiety, stress, somatization, and behavioral issues.
- Mothers showed hypersensitivity, depression, and insecure attachment patterns.
Findings:
- Insecure attachment in infancy was confirmed in all children.
- Underdeveloped Right Orbitofrontal Cortex (ROFC) is proposed as a predisposition to PTSD.
- Biofeedback techniques demonstrated encouraging therapeutic outcomes.
Implications:
- Highlights the critical role of early attachment in child development and trauma resilience.
- Suggests ROFC development is crucial for mitigating PTSD risk.
- Supports the efficacy of multimodal biofeedback in treating childhood PTSD.
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the quality of attachment in early infancy and the effects of child trauma, as well as to introduce some innovative therapeutic approaches. For this reason, a group of 10 children manifesting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), diagnosed by ICD-10, was selected. The mean age of the patients was 9 +/- 3.05 years, from both sexes (girls 3, boys 7). Mothers and children were examined by a battery of psychometric instruments Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and State Anxiety Inventory (STAI). In addition to the classical psychotherapeutic methods (supportive, behaviour and play therapy), the multimodal computerised biofeedback technique was introduced for both assessment and therapy. The results for the children showed a high level of anxiety and stress, somatisation and behavioural problems (aggressivity, impulsivity, non-obedience, and nightmares), complemented by hypersensitive and depressive mothers and miss-attachment in the early period of infancy. Consequently, the explanation of the early predisposition to PTSD was related to be the non-developed Right Orbitofrontal Cortex-ROFC. The latter resulted from insecure attachment confirmed in all the children examined. The therapeutic results obtained with biofeedback techniques are very encouraging.
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