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Uveal melanoma: epidemiologic aspects.

Arun D Singh1, Louise Bergman, Stefan Seregard

  • 1Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. singha@ccf.org

Ophthalmology Clinics of North America
|March 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Ocular melanomas, primarily uveal melanomas, are rare cancers. Most posterior uveal melanoma patients develop liver metastases within 15 years, often before symptoms appear.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Melanomas of ocular and adnexal structures represent about 5% of all melanomas.
  • Uveal melanomas constitute the vast majority (85%) of ocular melanomas, with conjunctival and orbital melanomas being rare.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical examination, including indirect ophthalmoscopy, and ancillary tests like fluorescein angiography and ultrasonography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, diagnosis, and metastatic potential of ocular melanomas.
  • To highlight the high incidence of liver metastases in posterior uveal melanoma patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ocular and adnexal melanomas.
  • Analysis of diagnostic techniques for uveal melanoma.
  • Examination of metastatic patterns, particularly liver involvement.

Main Results:

  • Posterior uveal melanoma metastasizes to the liver in approximately 50% of cases within 15 years post-diagnosis.
  • Clinically evident metastatic disease at initial presentation is infrequent.
  • Subclinical metastasis is likely present early in most cases.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular melanomas are rare, with uveal melanomas being the most common type.
  • Early, often subclinical, metastasis is a significant concern in posterior uveal melanoma.
  • Timely diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for managing ocular melanoma and its potential spread.

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