Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapping and engineering the human cell-cell interactome.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

Programmable pathway profiles reveal signaling principles of TGF-β superfamily receptors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A damage accumulation model identifies distinct aging regimes across species.

Nature aging·2026
Same author

Genome-wide chromatin recording resolves dynamic cell state changes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Foundations of Gerophysics.

Aging·2026
Same author

Cell-free DNA size deconvolution resolves nucleosomal origins and reveals tumor-associated fragmentomic alterations.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia
14:53

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

Published on: May 14, 2014

Gene regulation at the single-cell level.

Nitzan Rosenfeld1, Jonathan W Young, Uri Alon

  • 1Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 26, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gene regulation function (GRF) fluctuates in single cells, limiting genetic circuit accuracy. This dynamic GRF, influenced by biochemical parameters and cellular states, impacts signal transfer in biological systems.

More Related Videos

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
10:50

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

Published on: February 25, 2017

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia
14:53

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

Published on: May 14, 2014

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
10:50

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

Published on: February 25, 2017

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The quantitative relationship between transcription factor levels and gene expression is fundamental to genetic networks.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for both natural and synthetic genetic circuit design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic nature of the gene regulation function (GRF) in individual living cells.
  • To determine the factors contributing to fluctuations in the GRF and their impact on signal transfer accuracy.
  • To calibrate in vivo biochemical parameters in molecular units using a novel technique.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of the bacteriophage lambda promoter P(R) in Escherichia coli using fluorescent reporter genes and fusion proteins.
  • Development and application of a novel technique based on binomial errors in protein partitioning for in vivo parameter calibration.
  • Analysis of protein production rates and intrinsic noise over a cell cycle time scale.

Main Results:

  • The gene regulation function (GRF) was found to fluctuate dynamically in individual living cells.
  • Protein production rates exhibit fluctuations on the time scale of approximately one cell cycle.
  • Intrinsic noise decays rapidly, while biochemical parameters, noise, and slowly varying cellular states collectively define the effective single-cell GRF.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic fluctuations in the GRF limit the accuracy of signal transfer in transcriptional genetic circuits.
  • The findings provide a basis for quantitative modeling of natural gene circuits.
  • The results offer insights for the rational design of synthetic genetic circuits with improved performance.