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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells
Published on: July 29, 2016
Temperament and character in patients with classical myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM-1)
S Winblad1, C Lindberg, S Hansen
1Department of Psychology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. stefan.winblad@vgregion.se
Abstract:
This study was designed to investigate personality in classical Myotonic Dystrophy (DM-1). Forty-six patients with DM-1 (25 women and 21 men), 31 healthy controls and 37 subjects in a contrast group, consisting of patients with other muscle disorders (spinal muscular atrophy, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy and limb girdle muscular dystrophy), completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) (Cloninger, 1994). We aimed to establish whether CTG triplet repeat size correlated with ratings of personality dimensions in the TCI. The DM-1 patients scored significantly higher on the TCI dimension Harm avoidance and lower on Persistence, Self-directedness and Cooperativeness. Signs of a personality disorder were found in 20% of the DM-1 patients. No correlation was found between the number of CTG repeats and scores in the TCI. This study indicates deviant personality in classical DM-1 regarding temperament and character, both in comparison to healthy controls and to patients with other muscle disorders with no known brain disorder.
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