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[Acute dyspnoea in elderly patients].

P Ray1, S Birolleau, B Riou

  • 1Service d'Accueil des Urgences, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris. patrick.ray@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr

Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|April 2, 2005
PubMed
Summary

As people age, breathing difficulties (dyspnea) are common in emergency settings. This review highlights under-diagnosed cardiac and pulmonary causes in older adults, emphasizing diagnostic challenges and new investigations.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology

Context:

  • Aging leads to physiological decline in pulmonary and cardiovascular systems.
  • Acute dyspnea is a frequent emergency medicine presentation in elderly patients.
  • Underlying causes like pulmonary embolism and diastolic heart failure are often under-diagnosed.

Purpose:

  • To review respiratory and cardiac diseases presenting as acute dyspnea in the elderly.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges due to atypical presentations and comorbidities.
  • To evaluate the utility of novel diagnostic tools.

Summary:

  • Clinical history, physical examination, and standard tests (ABG, CXR, ECG) are crucial.
  • Atypical presentations and cardiac-pulmonary interactions complicate diagnosis.

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  • Emerging investigations include echocardiography, PFTs, BNP, and CT scans.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the need for comprehensive evaluation of acute dyspnea in older adults.
    • Emphasizes the importance of considering under-diagnosed conditions.
    • Suggests areas for further research in geriatric acute dyspnea.